邢唷> )  !"#$%&'(*+Root Entry F玦 SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8 WordDocument3B  !"#$%&'()*+,-./鄥燆鵒h珣+'遲0 $< P ` l x sQ嶯>N濺枡J\ 釼Yeog hQ!h'Yf[駛韹褘'Y[崉v愬wuserNormaluser18@@F~艒f@茳儴i@肌什fPMicrosoft Office Word脹諟.摋+,D脹諟.摋+,t0   ( WWW.YlmF.CoM4 (\dlKSOProductBuildVer2052-6.6.0.2461N`Nck噀 a$$1$$CJPJaJKHmH sH nHtH_H$A`$貫祂=刉[SO:U`:厤B*`Jph6>*7S*]DB`Dck噀噀,g ゐXD1$CJOJQJaJKHlV%-66 P G0TableqData 欹増 P6KSKS3BP&&&$J kTC] i5ivV Ecosystem Approaches and Oceans Greenpeace Statement to UNICPOLOS 7   June 15 2006 United Nations, New York 1 The oceans give life to this planet. In return we are emptying them of fish and choking them with pollution. We put three times more rubbish into the oceans than the amount of fish we take out, and climate change is already impacting species distributions, reefs and the polar regions. 2 Imagine for a moment that all the water has been emptied from the oceans so that you can no longer distinguish between land and sea. Now take a look at the diversity of life on this planet. You might find yourself describing mountain gorillas as the whales of the African rainforest, wolves as the tunas of the American prairies. What would become immediately apparent is the rate at which life across the whole of our planet is disappearing. The current species extinction rate is approximately 1,000 times faster than it was in pre-human times. It is predicted to be 10,000 times faster by the year 2050. This loss of biodiversity prevents ecosystems from functioning properly and threatens the basic livelihoods of billions of people. Over 1 billion people living in coastal communities, primarily in developing countries, are dependent on fish as their basic form of protein. So we agree, this is also about food security. 3 We have no choice but to protect the whole spectrum of life on this planet. And this means defending its ecosystems against those human activities that are destructive and unsustainable. If we continue to decimate big predatory fish and other fish stocks at current rates, it won t be long until the only dish that will be served up at the local fish shop will be fried jellyfish and chips. And if that is what is left on the menu of diners in New York, London, or Tokyo, then one is only left to wonder what the coastal communities I referred to earlier will have left to eat. 4 In the marine environment, as the ad hoc open-ended working group on biodiversity beyond areas of national jurisdiction recognized in February of this year, destructive fishing practices and IUU fishing are the greatest threats to marine life, and they must be dealt with urgently. 5 In November of last year, Greenpeace launched its most ambitious ship expedition ever: a 14-month journey across the world s oceans by our vessel of hope  the  Esperanza . The Esperanza s voyage will bring to light the wealth and beauty of life in our oceans as well as the destruction that we cause to the deep-blue heart of our planet. Over the past few months, the Esperanza and her crew have already come to the rescue of whales in the Southern Ocean Whale sanctuary, and has exposed pirate fishing by distant water fleets. These ply the rich coastal waters off West Africa, stealing the fish off the plates of coastal communities to send them to the white-tablecloth restaurants of Europe. She then went on to explore the wonders of the Canary Islands marine reserve and the deep-sea life of the Azores. As we speak, the Esperanza is in the Mediterranean, where she has been tracking the activities of tuna fishing vessels, tuna ranching and related impacts on the Mediterranean environment. She has just been joined by our flagship, the Rainbow Warrior, which will join in our work to defend the Mediterranean over the next few months. 6 Our third vessel, the Arctic Sunrise, is anchored outside the waters of St Kitts and Nevis  having been refused entry into port as the meeting of the International Whaling Commission begins. Our ships have been joined by over 70,000 people from all corners of the world that have signed up to be oceans defenders since this expedition began, to express their concern about the threats to marine life. 7 Historically, the burden of proof to justify limits or constraints on harmful human activities in the environment, has been on the advocates of greater ecosystem protection. But Ecosystem Based Management (EBM) means to take the protection of the ecosystem as a starting point. Protecting ecosystems in their entirety: the species, communities and ecosystem functions in a given area. It means acting with caution where knowledge is lacking. It means that prior impact assessment has to be conducted to show that planned activities will not unduly harm the environment and that activities will only be allowed to proceed, if no harm is caused. It means valuing the complexities of life  marine or terrestrial  in and of itself, recognising that they are more than just a source for exploitation. 8 The little protection that has been afforded to the marine environment, has mostly been case-by-case, species-by-species and all too often, with little understanding of the impacts of human activities on marine life. This approach simply is not working. 9 Protecting the oceans cannot be done piecemeal. We need an integrated approach to protecting marine environments that looks at entire ecosystems and their functions, and not just single species. As such, Greenpeace is proposing the establishment of a global network of large-scale marine reserves that cover 40% of the oceans. Hand in hand with a global network of high seas marine reserves, must go a comprehensive regulatory regime for those areas of the high seas that are open to exploitation, which ensures that any use is sustainably and equitably managed in accordance with the precautionary principle and ecosystem-based management approach. 10 The international waters of the high seas are part of the global commons and so laws made to protect them must be agreed by all countries. This takes time and time is running out. The UN General Assembly must adopt a moratorium on high seas bottom trawling this year. 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